Social work philosophy and methods by pd mishra pdf

Charles II passed the Settlement Act in which empowered the justice of the peace to return to free place from where he had come and any such new comer who in the opinion of the overseers of the poor could become a liability in future. In , the Work House Act was passed which made provision for the training of inmates of the work houses. Thomas Chalmers, a Scottish minister, and his associates criticised the methods and the administration of Poor Law.

He suggested that the investigation should be made of each case under the direction and supervision of non-governmental agencies. His efforts did not go waste though it took time to implement such scheme.

London Charity Organization Society was formed in The leading ideas of that organization at the time of its initiation were such: the giving of doles should be stopped, relief giving should be coordinated, and each applicant for assistance should be carefully studied to determine what he needed to put him on his feet.

Historians of social work generally agree that in the scheme lie the beginnings of the present system of organized social work activities. COS workers helped the poor for assistance to utilize the existing relief services effectively. Nobody was getting assistance without investigation. This followed from the COS to study carefully the needs of each applicant in order to try to find a way of putting him in the position in which he could dispense with charity.

Attempts were made to find 1 a job, ii medical treatment, iii education, iv counselling for financial gain and v encouragement for creative plans. Public welfare administration was represented by the efforts at establishing order and efficiency in the distribution of relief. Social action was contemplated and to some extent carried out in attempts to influence poor relief legislation and otherwise to ajter social and economic conditions that handicapped the.

Cannon Samuel Augustas Barnet put this idea forcefully with his effort and in his memory his friends founded University Settlement House which was named as Toynbee Hall. It has three objectives:- Educational and cultural development of poor, ii to provide information to the students and other inmates of the settle house regarding the poor for the improvement of their conditions for social reform, iii to develop consciousness towards social and health problems and the need for enacting legislation.

Most of the workers of coal mines became unemployed and started begging for relief. Thus, it became difficult, rather impossible to solve the problem of poverty through the existing Poor Laws. Royal Commission on the Poor Law and Relief of Distress was appointed in to solve the present crisis.

Lord Gorge Hamilton was its chairman. Country councils should be established in place of poor Law union and Board of Guardians, so that the local administration could be reduced upto three-fourth. To abolish the punishable nature of poor welfare and 1. Mixed orphanages should be stopped. On its recommendations, very important acts were enacted. The provision of Meals Act was passed in The facility of free school benches was provided under the Act. The education Act was passed in Provision for medical examination of school children was made under the Act.

Prevention of Crime Act was passed in which made provision for the establishment of special courts for children. The Children Act was passed in which led to the creation of special courts for the trial and probation services for reformation of juvenile delinquents. The Juvenile Court Metropolis Act was passed in which empowered the secretary to select qualified and experienced magistrates to deal with the cases in the juvenile courts. Labour Exchanges Act was passed which led to the establishment of employment exchanges to help the unemployed in getting employment.

National Insurance Act was passed in to provide for compulsory health insurance of workers of lower income groups. Local Government Act was passed in which abolished the Poor Law Unions and Board of Guardians and gave responsibility of administration of poor relief to the county councils.

In , National Economy Act was passed which made provision for the payment of unemployment assistance. Old age Pension Act was passed in which made provision for the payment of need-based additional pensions to the aged, especially for medical treatment.

The objective of this commission was to make survey of the structure and efficiency of social services of England and to recommend the proper course of action. The commission recommended i social insurance, ii public assistance, iii Children's allowance, iv Comprehensive free health and rehabilitation services, v maintenance of full employment. The Report laid down 6 basic principles for these programmes: i united administration, ii comprehensive coverage, iii flat rate of contribution, iv flat rate of benefits, v adequacy of all benefits to meet basic needs of recipients, vi classification of population.

Various legal enactments were made after the submission of the report. Disabled Persons Employment Act was passed in which made provision for the employers of commercial or industrial enterprises to compulsorily employ the disabled persons. In , The Family Allowance Act was passed. National Insurance Act was passed in which provided a scheme of health, invalidity and old-age insurance.

The Industrial Injuries workman's compensations Act was enacted in The National Assistance Act was made in The systematic study of development of social work in India may be seen in different periods. The earlier, reference to charity is to be found in the Rigveda chap.

In Mahabharat we find that when Bhishma talked to Yudhishthir, he described the essence of eternal religion, non-violence, truth, the conquest of anger and charity. Each tried to contribute his bit towards the'Yagna. Their intention was the common welfare of all. There was no personal desire to be fulfilled. TFe spirit underlying the most popuiafvedic ' rituals is brougnt to bear in all actions, not only in the Yagiiashalas but also in the home, the market place, the factory, and the field.

Bhagwalgccta enunciates the principle by saying "Cherish the Devas with the Yagim spirit and those Devas shall in turn cherish you"; thus cherishing each other, you shall gain the highest good Chapt. When men in a community strive cooperatively without ego and egocentric desires, the cosmic forces that constitute the environment, shall cherish them in turn. The Aswalayana Griha Sutra says that one must daily perform Pancha Yagnas - giving service to God, ancestors, animals, one's ownsclf and one's fcllowmen.

The habit of giving alms was common and no householder turned away a beggar empty handed as to do so was considered a sin. According to Mamishutra, it was his duty to feed his guests firsl, then his servants, he and his wife might eat last of all.

Hindu scriptures say that the man who helps other or gives chanty docs not show the sense of superiority. The Taittiriya Upanishad declares that it is better not to help at all rather than help without showing due respect to the recipient of charity.

In knowledge and skill people differed only in quantity and everybody did for others in need what others did for him in similar circumstances. The whole business of helping people in need was everybody's business mainly handled in a collective way.

The evolution of Buddhism during the Magadhan empires changed the character of Indian society. It was changed from tribal agricultural settlement to a class-based agrarian economy.

With the development of agrarian society, a new type of polity developed in the form of early Kosala and Magadha States. Bimbsara became the king of Magadha about B. He was the earliest of Indian kings to lay the foundation of an efficient administrative system. He paid special attention to the development of roads and development of agriculture. Severe punishment was inflicted on cruel and corrupt officers.

His son Ashok succeeded him in B. Social and political activities of the king during Maurya's period have been recorded by Kautilya in his book. A wide range of social welfare activities were undertaken during the reign of Ashpka, Superintendents of women Ithighaka Mahamattas were appointed to look after the welfare of the women including prostitutes.

High commissioners of Charity Dhammamahamatas were appointed for the recording of charitable donation by the royal family and regulation of charity.

The commissioners of equity were to look after the welfare of the prisoners. The welfare programmes were under the overall charge of Dhamma Mahamattas. The creationof separate cadre of state officials to irnplerSent tTiese programmes is an accomplishment that compares very favourably with the social welfare system of some of the modern. Canishka ascended the throne in 78 A.

These weretlr- ranrres for learning, and help to the needy people. The period of the Gupta ruie is one of the brightest in the history of India. The Gupta dynasty included a succession of brilliant rulers like Chandra Gupta, Samudra Gupta, who established a well-governed empire and people were happy and prosperous. Ghias-ud-dinJIughlak was a charitable king. Mohammad Gawan spent all his wealth on the poor and himself ate the coarse food of a peasant and slept on the ground with a straw mat for a bed.

Sufi Sheikhs use to distribute gifts to the needy Muslim masses who came to their Klianquahs. Usually one of the disciples of the sheikh was appointed as the manager to look after the needy.

Akbar had a comprehensive I system of poor relicf. BVazifas stipends! He advocated for widow remarriage, economic self reliance, women's education and prohibition of polygamy. He tried for the framing of laws to abolish these customs. But he believed that these evils could be removed only through social reforms and by searching for s'ome sanction in the Shastras so that they would be acceptable to the people.

Gopal Hari Deshmukh of Bombay promoted modern education for the establishment of. He arranged several marriages of widows and gave shelter to widows in his home. He was working for the cause oFfemale and low caste people education. He also worked towards improving the condition of Maharashtrian peasants.

He established the Satya ShodhakSamaj in for the social and economic uplift of the low caste people. Karve were the prominent leaders of sociaT reform movement in the west, expecially in Poona. It worked for the abolition of Salt, widow remarriage and women's welfare. He "opposed the caste system ana chTtdTrratffege. Swami Vivekanand foundecf Ram Krishna Mission in , started its programmes with education, treatment and general help.

Gopal Krishna Gokhle who had deep interest in the work of social services,,established the Servants of India Society in Indian social reformers. Karve, etc. Some social organizations like Arya Samaj, Prarthana Samaj, Ram Krishna Mission began to provide a variety of social welfare services to the needy.

Religious associations also played. The role of State in the field of social welfare commenced during the second and third decades of the twentieth century though earlier measures were taken like that of the Apprentices Act of for the employment of orphans and destitutes, Reformatory School Act of which provided the training to destitute children and treatment of juvenile delinquents, Children Act Madras Abolition of Sad , Abolition of Slavery , Abolition of Female Infanticide and Human Sacrifice , Widow Remarriage Act , Factory Act, The year of jmarks a watershed in the history of professional social work in India when for the teaching and training of social work, the first school of social work was established in Bombay.

Now it is known as 'Tata Institute of Social Sciences'. After Independence many Universities in India have social work as a subject in their courses. Luric, II. Social Work Year Book , p.

The Dryden Press, New York, , p. Mac Millan, New York, , p. Cohen, op. Slcincr, J. Century, New York, , p. L: op. Ibid pp. Shashtri, R. Organization, Varanasi, , p. Orient Longman, Delhi, , p. Pathak, S: Social Welfare. Mac Millian Ltd. Kautilya Anhasastra, Translated by R. Shamasastiy, Wesleyan Press, Mysore, Pathak, S.

Its aim is not only to help the individual, the family and the group in their relationships but it is also concerned with the improvement of general social conditions. This goal is achieved tlirough social welfare institutions like schools, hospitals, welfare centres, etc.

They arc the societal means to assist people who face psycho-social and economic problems in meeting the demands of their environment or in their personal relations.

Social work is practised in these welfare institutions. In general, the following are the fields in which social work is practised: 1. Child Development 2. Rural Development 3. Industrial Development 4.

Health 5. Mental Health 6. Social Defence 8. Family Planning 9. Mental Retardation Institutions for the protection, education and rehabilitation of the socially handicapped children.

Temporary Homes for the sick children suffering from T. Children's Home, Infant's Home, Balbari, Nursery or Pre-primary schools, Day care centres, etc Recreational and cultural centres and Holiday Homes for the children of the families of economically weaker sections. Social worker works in these institutions and tries to solve their problems.

He tries to strengthen the path for the development of their personality. He also develops functional abilities and capabilities in them. An increase in the productive potential of the rural economy is an esssential condition for finding effective solutions to the problems of rural poverty.

Social worker takes up the following activities in respect of the removal of poverty in rural areas. He helps the poor in actually getting the full benefits of these developmental programmes without any share of the administrative machinery or of the locally influential developmental.

He provides sufficient knowledge to the poor with the subtle ways in which their exploitation is done in the name of providing assistance to them. He finds out alternative sources of financial and other types of helps, provides legal aid if required, and organizes them to jointly fight against oppressors.

He promotes the value of self-employment in place of service, makes provision for their training and assists in mobilizing of required resources including credit for starting self-employment. He disseminates necessary knowledge regarding new tools, equipments, methods, techniques, varieties and ways of using them and persuades people to adopt them for speedier and better economic development. He helps in changing the attitudes and beliefs of rural people to attribute everything concerning them including poverty to their destiny by convincing them that without kanna action nothing can be attained, let alone betterment in their life and living conditions.

It is supposed to be performed a number of roles by the social worker depending upon requirements of the situation prevailing in a community. The Enabler. Helps people to understand their needs and problems, and knowledge of resources. He arouses in them the discontent with the existing situation and develops the capacity to deal with this situation. The Guide community which.

He brings people in contact with resources of the they need but do not make them aware about their existence. The Advocate. He provides an expert advice to people in time of need, analysis and makes diagnosis for effective functioning of the programmes.

The Therapists He deals with the deep-rooted conscious about the disruptive forces all measures to build their ego strong. Social Changer He tries to change the old habits of people, methods of working and passimistic attitudes towards life which are harmful in the process of socio-economic development. The Informer He disseminates knowledge regarding programmes and actual benefits available with them. The Helper benefits of the developmental. He helps the poor in getting the full plans and advises them for its proper utilization.

The Promoter. He promotes the value of self-employment facilities for the same and mobilizes required resources. The Preacher of karma. The development of factory system of production with its concentration of men and machines, and the accelerated pace of industrialization have resulted in the gradual ascendency of machinery over men, leading to human neglect and misery. This evolved the concept of labour welfare programmes with the object of looking after the interests of the workers who had been overlooked for long.

The Oxford dictionary defines labour welfare as "efforts to make life worth living for workmen". A paper submitted on behalf of the Latin American countries to the International Conference of. Social Work held at Munich in , described labour welfare as "Services rendered to workers and their families by an industrial enterprise with the purpose of raising their normal material, social and cultural levels and tc adjust to a better life.

It is a statutory responsibility of an employer to appoint a Labour Welfare Officer in his organization if the number of employees exceeds in case of factories and in plantations.

Labour Welfare Officer is required to perform the following functions in the industry. He establishes liaison with government agencies on health and safety of workers. He attempts to provide those facilities which help them in raising the level of education and standard of living. He sees that various enactments are enforced in the establishment. He tries to strengthen satisfactory and productive relationship between the management and the workers.

He helps workers to adjust to their working environment. He advises them against going on an illegal strike. He also advises management against lock-out.

These are: Industrial social services and Industrial social work. Industrial Social Services a Compliance of various provisions of basic Acts pertaining to health and welfare of workers, preparation and submission of required reports, returns and statistical data; b Management of industrial health servicesfirst aid, dispensary, ambulance and hospitalization; c Management of company schools and workers' education classes; d Management of canteens and mid-day meals, etc; e Administration of housing estates and worker's housing schemes; f Promotion and management of recreational measures sports, tournaments, welfare centres, cinema shows, tours, etc.

Scheme work; and h Administration of financial benefit schemes loans, grants, etc. Good health is important both to the individual and nation. It is in reality the health and happiness and if health is not satisfactory and normal, all the happiness and joys are useless for him. It is the yardstick of measuring his progress and development. Due to this fact man's health and health problems have occupied a priority among the social values of all the civilizations.

Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely an absence of disease or infirmity. Among other factors, social factors create or favour a predisposition to disease, directly cause disease, transmit the cause of disease, and influence the course of disease.

Not only do social factors determine the origin, but the disease may, in turn, exert an influence on social conditions, largely through the end results of disease. Medicine plays an active and important role in the alleviation of sufferings of mankind due to disease but it is not always fruitful. It cannot be said that the patient will be alright after being recommended the specific prescription because the patient has also his individual reactive attitude having a complex of social, psychological and emotional factors in his personality.

Therefore, social work is required to deal with patient's personal and social barriers to health. He is perhaps the only person in medical team, who can provide emotional satisfaction to the patient. The long illness makes the patient isolated. Family relations, sometimes, become less cordial. Friends circle forget him and in such a situation patient becomes neurotic. Social worker always tries to gain confidence of the patients family in continuing the treatment and makes family as a part of therapeutic programme.

Treatment is nearly completed with the discharge of the patients from the hospitals. Domiciliary care is an important aspect of hospital treatment. Besides, patients may have problems of adjustment. The patient may have difficulty in adjusting himself with his family, employment place and his community.

Social worker, if he is there, helps the patient with the help of other social welfare agencies. He works between the patient and his family and patient and his community.

Rehabilitation is an essential step in the total treatment plan. It is the combined and coordinated use of medical, social, educational and vocational measures for training or retraining the individual to the highest possible level of functional ability. Social worker tries to assess the strength and weakness in the patient whether he has emotional capacity to go under vocational training. After this he plans for his vocational guidance, training and employment.

The social work also helps in medico-social research as he is trained in research methodology. Social Work in the Prevention of Disease and Promotion of Health The social worker helps the patients in hospitals in their treatment and in community tries to prevent the occurrences of diseases and organizes programmes for their health promotion.

Nutrition Education He provides the information regarding the selection value of rich food, food poisoning, diseases due nutritional needs of children and pregnant mothers, facilities. Water Sanitation He tells them the importance of safe drinking water, borne diseases, sources of pollution, how to make water safe and chlorination of water.

Waste and Extra Disposal He tells the methods and importance of disposal of He also makes them aware about the diseases due excreta. Control of Insects He explains the disease due to biting of insects these diseases. He emphasizes to follow environmental sanitation. Personal Hygiene Personal hygiene is a science which helps the man in healthy. Social worker tells them to follow healthy cleaning of teeth and mouth, food, body, hands, hair, clothes and keeping the food safe.

Health Education He provides education' concerning methods, treatment procedures, etc. Immunization Campaign He educates the mothers about mobilizes resources for the needy. School Health Services He helps in screening of the school-going them necessary instructions for keeping their health normal. Recreation Facilities Recreation is an important factor in maintaining proper health. Mental health is not mere absence of mental illness. A mentally healthy person has three main characteristics: 1 He feels comfortable about himself, that is, he feels reasonably secure and adequate.

He neither underestimates nor overestimates his own ability. He accepts his shortcomings. He has self respect. This means that he is interested in others to love them. He has friendships that are satisfying and lasting. He is able to feel as a part of a group without being submerged by it.

He is able to like and trust others. He takes responsibility for his neighbours and his fellow men. He does something about the problems as they rise. He is able to think for himself and to take his own decisions. He sets reasonable goals for himself. He shoulders his daily responsibilities. He is not bowled over by his own emotions of fear, anger, love or guilt. To maintain proper mental health is becoming a serious problem at present due to fast changing attitudes and environmental conditions.

While there are millions of people suffering from various types of mental illness, there are only 42 mental hospitals in the country with about 20, beds. Therefore, both curative and preventive steps are urgently needed to overcome the problems. Researches in the field of mental health and illness have proved that generally abnormality appears when one fails to adjust oneself in the community.

This concept has helped in the emerging of the role of social work in this field. He investigates the real problem of the patient and studies his outer and inner realities.

His efforts are always towards the solution of his adjustment problems by analysing his relationship in the family and community. He finds out the level of cooperation of family members, close groups and community people and tries to strengthen this in favour of the patient.

There are a number of problems in the hospital with which a patient is encountered. Social worker always tries that the patient may avail all the available facilities in the hospital. Bestselling Series. Harry Potter.

Books By Language. Books in Spanish. Social Work-- Philosophy and Methods. By author P D Misra. Notify me. Rating details. Book ratings by Goodreads. Doctoral students have played a key role in advancing this work to its 21st century applications.

Doctoral students are immersed in the excitement and creativity in the profession — how professionals come to know what they know, how they put that knowledge into practice, and how it affects consumers. The Ph. We argue that the terms have become so ambiguous that they should be avoided.

In its place, we suggest focusing on the individual attributes associated with objectivity and subjectivity and consider how the desirable attributes can be strengthened and the undesirable ones avoided. We examine three key social work issues: the contribution of empirical research, dealing with dissent and the role of the personal. When the attributes of objectivity and subjectivity are examined in detail, it becomes apparent that they vary in how desirable and how feasible they are.

A more precise use of language makes it easier to see the contributions of values, bias and power in social work policy and practice and reduce the risks of people over-claiming the reliability and neutrality of their assertions. Social workers have long debated whether their practice is an art or a science. In that debate, some see objectivity as something to aspire to while others consider it conflicts with the empathic, context-specific, interpretive understanding that informs their practice.

Social Work Philosophy 6. Basic Values of Social Work 7. Humanitarian and Democratic Matrix of Social Work 8. Mahadev, and D. File Name: social work philosophy and methods by pd mishra pdf. Alexa devices for the Entertainment Enthusiast. Uploaded by To browse Academia. Updated Methods but not goals. Social work has not produced great philosophers? Make provision of corrective and recreation services, v 7. Example: Men who batter their partners Theory: Social learning theory - men learn their violent behavior in their family of origin, and from a culture that rewards anger and violence in men; cognitive theory - what men say to themselves in situations of stress increases their anger and methosd propensity to be violent.

Political science explains the nature of state, organization, elimination of age old caste taboos and other discriminatory practices, that the gap between social facts and social values must be bridged.

The co-existence of serious social psychological maladjustments and such permeating social myths implies that there is an urgent need for new ways of social thinking? Social worker always tries to gain confidence of the patients family in continuing the treatment and makes family as a part of therapeutic programme.